CPC Class H04W

A bidirectional coupler includes: a multilayer substrate; and a first main line, a second main line, and a sub line which are provided in or on the multilayer substrate. The sub line includes a first line portion being a portion electromagnetically coupled with the first main line and an even number of second line portions being portions electromagnetically coupled with the second main line. One half of the second line portions is provided between the first line portion and one end portion of the sub line, and the other half of the second line portions is provided between the first line portion and the other end portion of the sub line.

A system for providing information to a magnetic card reader. The system comprises an antenna (in one embodiment comprising a multi-purpose antenna or an antenna module) and a microprocessor for applying a differential signal to the antenna. The differential signal represents data stored in a memory segment of the microprocessor or in a memory connected to the microprocessor. The antenna transmits an alternating magnetic field representing the information the alternating magnetic field is responsive to the differential signal and received by the magnetic card reader.

A spacecraft includes an antenna reflector coupled with an antenna pointing mechanism (APM), a beam forming network including variable amplitude and phase (VAP) adjusting arrangements, a tracking feed that receives a beacon signal by way of the reflector, and an autotrack receiver that measures pointing errors of the reflector from the received beacon signal and outputs corresponding pointing errors to the APM controller and to a VAP element controller. The antenna reflector is illuminated by radiating feed elements configured as a phased array that produces, in a far field of the reflector, a set of user beams. The APM controller causes the APM to adjust the reflector pointing, at a frequency less than f1, to reduce the measured pointing errors. The VAP element controller adjusts pointing of the user beams by adjusting beam forming coefficients of the VAP adjusting arrangements at a second frequency greater than f1.

A system includes a city light or a street light mounted on a pole, the city light having a housing; one or more antennas mounted on the housing; and a processor to control a directionality of the antennas in communication with a predetermined target using 5G protocols.