Patent Database

An automatic card shuffler has a shuffling device having a card exit and a card box rack. The card box rack has a connecting arm mounted on the shuffling device and a pivot shelf. The pivot shelf is pivotally connected on the connecting arm and is adapted to accommodate the card box. The pivot shelf is adapted to pivot relative to the connecting arm to a first position and a second position. In the first position, the cover of the card box is easy to be sealed. In the second position, the cover opens due to gravity and the opening of the card box is aligned to the card exit of the shuffling device. Therefore, when the poker cards are dispensing, the poker cards pass through the opening, enter the card box, and are stacked inside the card box to be sealed.

A system for calculating viewability scores of objects displayed within a viewport, the system comprising a processing resource configured to perform the following for at least one object of the objects: determine a first value indicative of a relative portion of the object from the viewport; and calculate a viewability score of the object, wherein the viewability score is calculated based on the first value.

Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method and an apparatus for adjusting attributes of an object, a storage medium, and an electronic device. The method includes: displaying, by a terminal, target prompt information in a target interface of a client as a target scene is run on the client, the target prompt information being used for prompting the adjustment of the attributes of a virtual control object controlled by a player in the target scene; determining, by the terminal according to preset configuration information of the target scene, an adjustment mode of performing adjustment; and automatically adjusting, by the terminal, the attributes of the virtual control object in a case that the determined adjustment mode is an automatic adjustment mode. The embodiments of the present disclosure solve the technical problem that it is insufficiently flexible to adjust the attributes of a virtual control object in the related art.

There is provided a cleaning method of a substrate processing apparatus comprising cleaning an inside of an exhaust pipe through which a gas of an inside of a processing container is exhausted. The cleaning the inside of the exhaust pipe includes: removing a deposit on a downstream side of an opening/closing valve in the exhaust pipe by supplying a first exhaust pipe cleaning gas containing fluorine to the downstream side of the opening/closing valve in the exhaust pipe in a state in which the opening/closing valve provided in a middle of the exhaust pipe is closed; and removing a deposit on an upstream side of the opening/closing valve in the exhaust pipe by supplying a second exhaust pipe cleaning gas not containing fluorine as a gas constituent element to the inside of the processing container in a state in which the opening/closing valve is opened.

Printhead (10) for a 3D printer, comprising an operational volume (17) for holding feedstock (20), the viscosity of which can change, the operational volume (17) being variable by moving a plunger (31, 31a, 31b) and being provided with an outlet (16) through which the feedstock (20) can be extruded by moving the plunger (31, 31a, 31b), the plunger (31, 31a, 31b) being equipped with temperature control means (36).

A guide system for repairing turbomachinery includes a housing; a guide tube have a hollow interior for accepting a working tool module; an axial motor for moving the guide tube axially with respect to the housing; a rotational motor for rotating the guide tube with respect to the housing; and an attachment for securing the housing with respect to a turbomachinery casing. A repair kit and method are also provided.

In a method for printing a three dimensional structure, a continuous length of fiber that includes, interior to a surface of the fiber, a plurality of different materials arranged as an in-fiber functional domain, with at least two electrical conductors disposed in the functional domain in electrical contact with at least one functional domain material, is dispensed through a single heated nozzle. After sections of the length of fiber are dispensed from the heated nozzle, the sections are fused together in an arrangement of a three dimensional structure. The structure can thereby include a continuous length of fiber of least three different materials arranged as an in-fiber functional device, with the continuous length of fiber disposed as a plurality of fiber sections that are each in a state of material fusion with another fiber section in a spatial arrangement of the structure.

The present document describes an apparatus for reducing fabric dimpling in electronic devices and associated methods. The apparatus is used during assembly to prevent fabric, which is stretched over a perforated part (e.g., speaker housing), from dimpling into the holes (e.g., perforations) of the perforated part. The apparatus includes protrusions (e.g., pins), which act as a negative of the holes in the perforated part, to support the fabric as it is stretched over the perforated part. In particular, the protrusions are inserted through the perforations via an interior surface of the perforated part such that the protrusions are “proud” (slightly projecting from a surface) with respect to an exterior surface of the perforated part. The proudness of the protrusions may vary based on a degree of curvature of the perforated part at a location corresponding to a respective protrusion.

A screw having a longitudinal body and, around this longitudinal body, at least one flight extending in the shape of a helix, the flight including, over part of its length, internal partitioning delimiting a plurality of internal channels that extend in the shape of helices following the helix shape of the flight. The screw includes manifold-like cavities into which the ends of the interior canals open, the manifold-like cavities extending radially and opened into a longitudinal bore of the body at longitudinally spaced locations. This screw can be produced by additive manufacturing using laser-induced fusion.

A mobile sensor apparatus includes a capture device for capturing vehicle movements of the vehicle and an interface for transmitting data relating to the vehicle movements to a head-worn visual output device. A display system includes the mobile sensor apparatus and the head-worn visual output device.

A tool case fixing structure of a vehicle includes at least two weld stud bolts located on a floor panel of a vehicle body and formed at a front end and a rear end in a length direction of a vehicle, a case body inserted into one side of a spare tire of the vehicle and having a plurality of tool grooves formed to insert a tool into the tool grooves, at least two fastener holes formed on the case body corresponding to locations of the weld stud bolts, and at least two fasteners formed corresponding to locations of the fastener holes and configured to be fastened with the weld stud bolts to fix the case body to the vehicle body.

Embodiments include methods, systems and computer readable storage medium for a method for collision avoidance by a vehicle is disclosed. The method includes installing a vehicle system into a vehicle, wherein the vehicle system provides collision avoidance guidance based on training data using movement information from one or more agents and behaviors associated with one or more individuals associated with the one or more agents or the vehicle. The method further includes detecting, by a processor, a collision course between the vehicle and the one or more mobile agents and/or one or more stationary agents. The method further includes calculating, by the processor, one or more decisions that avoid a collision in response to detecting a collision course. The method further includes selecting, by the processor, a decision from the one or more decisions and controlling, by the processor, operation of the vehicle based on the selected decision.

A system and method for utilizing a temporal recurrent network for online action detection that include receiving image data that is based on at least one image captured by a vehicle camera system. The system and method also include analyzing the image data to determine a plurality of image frames and outputting at least one goal-oriented action as determined during a current image frame. The system and method further include controlling a vehicle to be autonomously driven based on a naturalistic driving behavior data set that includes the at least one goal-oriented action.

A method for selecting a driving profile of a motor vehicle, a driver assistance system therefor and a motor vehicle equipped therewith is disclosed. In the method and based on an operating action by a driver, a deviation between the number of predetermined driving profiles currently desired by the driver and that previously used is recognized. After the deviation has been recognized, a query is output to the driver as to whether the deviation should be taught by the driver assistance system for the current situation. After the query has been confirmed by the driver, the driver assistance system is accordingly adapted for the current situation in at least one parameter influencing the selection of the driving profile to be used such that the deviation in the automatic selection of the driving profile to be used in future situations that correspond to the current situation is taken into account.

A turning control device includes: a steering angular displacement calculation unit configured to, when a third steering angle that is either a first steering angle of a turning mechanism or a second steering angle of a steering mechanism, is in an angular range from a maximum angle to a threshold steering angle, calculate a steering angular displacement of the third steering angle with the threshold steering angle used as a reference; a steering angle correction value calculation unit configured to calculate a steering angle correction value according to at least the steering angular displacement; a steering angle correction value limiting unit configured to limit the steering angle correction value according to at least a steering state, the third steering angle, and angular velocity thereof; a corrected target steering angle calculation unit configured to correct the target steering angle of the turning mechanism with a limited steering angle correction value.

A frame for a personal electric vehicle includes (a) a chassis floorpan extending axially between a front and a rear and laterally between opposite sides, the floorpan having a floor and a sidewall extending upwardly from a periphery of the floor to a raised peripheral edge of the floorpan; and (b) a safety cage mounted to the chassis floorpan and comprising a plurality of interconnected tubular members defining an occupant interior. The tubular members include a plurality of pillars spaced apart from each other along the peripheral edge and fixed against the sidewall for securing the safety cage to the chassis floorpan.

Disclosed embodiments include track mounts configured to secure a track assembly to a frame of a power machine, and power machines including the same. The track mounts include a mounting flange which secures to a side of the power machine frame. The track mounts also include a connecting structure extending between the mounting flange and a tack frame of the track assembly.

A system for maintaining a marine vessel in a body of water at a selected position and orientation includes a global positioning system that determines a global position and heading of the vessel and a proximity sensor that determines a relative position and bearing of the vessel with respect to an object near the vessel. A controller operable in a station keeping mode is in signal communication with the GPS and the proximity sensor. The controller chooses between using global position and heading data from the GPS and relative position and bearing data from the proximity sensor to determine if the vessel has moved from the selected position and orientation. The controller calculates thrust commands required to return the vessel to the selected position and orientation and outputs the thrust commands to a marine propulsion system, which uses the thrust commands to reposition the vessel.

Various systems, devices, and methods are provided for facilitating communication between a forecourt controller and a fuel dispenser. In certain aspects, a fuel controller translator is provided for translating commands transmitted between the forecourt controller and the fuel dispenser. For example, where the forecourt controller transmits commands that are compatible with the payment terminal, but not with the fuel controller, the fuel controller translator can translate the commands received from the forecourt controller into a format compatible with the fuel controller. Conversely, the fuel controller translator can translate commands received from the fuel controller into a format that is compatible with the forecourt controller.

The present invention relates to a method comprising inferring activity of a PI3K cellular signaling pathway in a tissue and/or cells and/or a body fluid of a medical subject based at least on expression levels of one or more target gene(s) of the PI3K cellular signaling pathway measured in an extracted sample of the tissue and/or the cells and/or the body fluid of the medical subject. The present invention further relates to an apparatus comprising a digital processor configured to perform such a method, a non-transitory storage medium storing instructions that are executable by a digital processing device to perform such a method, and a computer program comprising program code means for causing a digital processing device to perform such a method.

A suturing device is provided, including a needle and a shuttle. The needle has an elongated shape extending in a predetermined direction and is configured to hold a first thread-like member. The needle is reciprocally movable forward and backward in the predetermined direction and is rotatable about an axis extending in the predetermined direction. Rotation of the needle about the axis permitting the first thread-like member to cross the needle to form a loop in the first thread-like member. The shuttle includes a holding portion. The holding portion is configured to hold a second thread-like member. The shuttle is configured to permit the holding portion to pass through the loop.

Methods of controlling tint of a tintable window to account for occupant comfort in a room of a building. Some methods include receiving weather feed data from one or more weather services (or other data sources) over a communication network, determining a weather condition based on the weather feed data, and determining a tint level for the tintable window based on the weather condition and based on whether a current time is within a time delay period at sunrise or sunset.

A method may include obtaining well activity data regarding various wells in a reservoir region of interest. The method may further include determining a predetermined well assignment for various parallel processing stages using a bin-packing problem algorithm and the well activity data. The predetermined well assignment may assign the wells to the parallel processing stages. A respective parallel processing stage among the parallel processing stages may perform a portion of a reservoir simulation using a respective computer processor and a well among the wells. The method may further include simulating the reservoir region of interest based on the wells being simulated according the predetermined well assignment for the parallel processing stages.

An assembly for determining lambda values of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine is attached to an exhaust gas treatment device with at least one first catalyst and a second catalyst. Additionally, the assembly has the following: a first lambda sensor in a first removal line, wherein the first removal line is designed to remove a part of the exhaust gas upon entering the first catalyst and conduct same back into the exhaust gas treatment device after the exhaust gas passes the first lambda sensor, and the first lambda sensor and at least one part of the first removal line are arranged outside of the exhaust gas treatment device; and a second lambda sensor in a second removal line, wherein the second removal line is designed to remove a part of the exhaust gas between the first catalyst and the second catalyst and conduct same back into the exhaust gas treatment device after the exhaust gas passes the second lambda sensor, and the second lambda sensor and at least one part of the second removal line are arranged outside of the exhaust gas treatment device.

A method for modifying a brake application of a combination vehicle comprises receiving a temperature signal of a first brake pad of a first brake assembly and receiving a temperature signal representative of a temperature of a second brake pad of a second brake assembly. The temperatures are compared to a first predetermined temperature. The method will determine if service brakes are being applied by a driver and compare a wheel speed of one axle of the tractor with the wheel speed of a second axle of the tractor of the combination vehicle. The method will determine a brake drag exists in response to both the first and the second brake pad temperature being greater than the first predetermined temperature, the first axle wheel speed being less than the second axle wheel speed and the service brakes not being applied by the driver.

A method of operating a vehicle having an engine, a throttle valve and a throttle operator. A continuously variable transmission operatively connected to the engine has a driving pulley, a driven pulley, and a belt operatively connecting the driving and driven pulleys. A ground engaging member is operatively connected to the driven pulley. A piston is operatively connected to the driving pulley for applying a piston force thereto and thereby changing an effective diameter of the driving pulley. A control unit controls actuation of the piston and the piston force. The method includes detecting a stall condition indicative of the vehicle being stalled, and, responsive to the detection, setting the piston force to be zero.

A method of adjusting an energy usage of a usage area including a step of providing a gateway device for the usage area wherein the usage area comprises at least one electrically powered device and a step of determining an energy usage of the at least one electrically powered device. The method also includes a step of creating a user energy profile and a step of adjusting the energy usage of the at least one electrically powered device in the usage area based on the energy usage of the at least one electrically powered device and based on the user energy profile.

Disclosed is a digital measurement apparatus including a holding unit on which a measurement object to be measured is placed; and a measurement unit for measuring the measurement object by comparing an image of the measurement object placed on the holding unit with a preset reference value, and providing a reference for adjusting the length of a new measurement object based on a measured value of the measurement object. With this configuration, regardless of photographing conditions, by performing calibration using a set reference value, the accuracy of a measured value may be improved.

The present disclosure relates to a method for estimating the position of a magnet using a tracking device comprising an array of magnetometers, the method comprising phases of determining an initial state vector associated with the magnet, of measuring a useful magnetic field, of estimating a magnetic field, of calculating a bias between the measured magnetic field and the estimated magnetic field, and of updating the state vector on the basis of the bias. It also comprises an identifying phase comprising a step of identifying a magnetic disturbance on the basis of an indicator calculated depending on an estimated magnetic field and a measured magnetic field.

A device for detecting light intensity, a display screen and a mobile terminal are provided. The device for detecting light intensity includes a controller, and a first photosensitive sensor and a second photosensitive sensor which are electrically coupled to the controller, the first photosensitive sensor and the second photosensitive sensor being spaced apart and located in a same illumination environment, and the controller is configured to, when an external beam illuminates the first photosensitive sensor, perform calculation based on a difference value between illumination parameters of the first photosensitive sensor and the second photosensitive sensor to obtain a light intensity of the external beam.

A method for processing a raw image characterized by raw measurements Sp(i,j) that are associated with active bolometers Bpix_(i,j) of an imager, which bolometers are arranged in a matrix array, the imager being at an ambient temperature Tamb and furthermore comprising blind bolometers Bb_(k), the method, which is executed by a computer that is provided with a memory, comprising the following steps:a) a step of calculating the electrical resistances RTc(i,j) and RTc(k), at the temperature Tamb, of the active and blind bolometers, respectively, from their respective electrical resistances RTr(i,j) and RTr(k) at a reference temperature Tr, said resistances being stored in the memory;b) a step of determining the temperatures Tsc(i,j) actually measured by each of the active bolometers Bpix_(i,j) from the electrical resistances calculated in step a) and from the raw measurements Sp(i,j).

A monitoring system includes a real-time detection device configured to detect a state of target equipment and an instruction output from a central control device configured to input a control instruction to the target equipment; and a monitoring device configured to acquire information from the real-time detection device. The monitoring device includes an analysis unit configured to simulate the state of the target equipment, with models of the target equipment and the central control device, and a determination unit configured to determine whether an abnormality has occurred in the target equipment. The analysis unit is configured to simulate the state of the target equipment, using the latest information detected by the real-time detection device. The determination unit is configured to compare a result calculated by the analysis unit using the latest information detected by the real-time detection device.

A display substrate, a driving method thereof, and a display device. The display substrate includes: a first display sub-region including a plurality of first repeating regions each including a first pixel unit and a second pixel unit disposed adjacently, the first pixel unit including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, and the second pixel unit including a second sub-pixel and a third sub-pixel; and a second display sub-region including a plurality of second repeating regions each including a third pixel unit and a first transparent pixel, the third pixel unit including a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel and a third sub-pixel; the first transparent pixel is configured such that a pixel density of the second display sub-region is less than a pixel density of the first display sub-region, and a light transmittance of the second display sub-region is greater than a light transmittance of the first display sub-region.

A pixel driving circuit includes a driving signal control sub-circuit and a driving duration control sub-circuit. The driving signal control sub-circuit is configured to provide a driving signal to the driving duration control sub-circuit under control of a first scanning signal transmitted via the first scanning signal terminal and an enable signal transmitted via the enable signal terminal. The driving signal is related to a first data signal and a first voltage signal. The driving duration control sub-circuit is configured to transmit the driving signal to the element to be driven under control of a second scanning signal transmitted via the second scanning signal terminal and the enable signal transmitted via the enable signal terminal. A duration for transmitting the driving signal to the element to be driven is related to a second data signal.

A display device includes a display panel, a data driver, a gate driver, and a controller. The display panel includes a plurality of pixels. The data driver provides data voltages to the plurality of pixels through data lines during an active period of a frame period and provides a blank voltage to the plurality of pixels through the data lines during a blank period of the frame period. The gate driver provides a gate-on voltage to the plurality of pixels through gate lines during the active period and provides a gate-off voltage to the plurality of pixels through the gate lines during the blank period. The controller controls the data driver and the gate driver. The blank voltage increases and the gate-off voltage increases, when a time in the blank period reaches a predetermined time.

A method for providing a frame-based mel spectral representation of speech includes receiving a text utterance having at least one word, and selecting a mel spectral embedding for the text utterance. Each word in the text utterance has at least one syllable and each syllable has at least one phoneme. For each phoneme, using the selected mel spectral embedding, the method also includes: predicting a duration of the corresponding phoneme by encoding linguistic features of the corresponding phoneme with a corresponding syllable embedding for the syllable that includes the corresponding phoneme; and generating a plurality of fixed-length predicted mel-frequency spectrogram frames based on the predicted duration for the corresponding phoneme. Each fixed-length predicted mel-frequency spectrogram frame representing mel-spectral information of the corresponding phoneme.

A method of speaker identification comprises receiving an audio signal representing speech; performing a first voice biometric process on the audio signal to attempt to identify whether the speech is the speech of an enrolled speaker; and, if the first voice biometric process makes an initial determination that the speech is the speech of an enrolled user, performing a second voice biometric process on the audio signal to attempt to identify whether the speech is the speech of the enrolled speaker. The second voice biometric process is selected to be more discriminative than the first voice biometric process.

An apparatus for generating an enhanced signal from an input signal, wherein the enhanced signal has spectral values for an enhancement spectral region, the spectral values for the enhancement spectral regions not being contained in the input signal, includes a mapper for mapping a source spectral region of the input signal to a target region in the enhancement spectral region, the source spectral region including a noise-filling region; and a noise filler configured for generating first noise values for the noise-filling region in the source spectral region of the input signal and for generating second noise values for a noise region in the target region, wherein the second noise values are decorrelated from the first noise values or for generating second noise values for a noise region in the target region, wherein the second noise values are decorrelated from first noise values in the source region.

A system for processing a data array, such as transposing a matrix, includes a two-dimensional array of memory cells, such as FeFETs, each having an input end, an output end and a control end. The system also includes an input interface is adapted to supply signals indicative of a subset of the data array, such as a row of a matrix, and output control signals to the input ends of a selected column of the memory cells. The system further includes an output interface adapted to receive the data stored in the memory array from the output ends of a selected row of the memory cells. A method of processing a data array, such as transposing a matrix, include writing subsets of the data array to the memory array column-by-column, and reading from the memory cells, row-by-row.

Using computer-assisted classification and/or computer-assisted segmentation with or without monitoring the field of view for change, the workflow for ultrasound imaging may be made more efficient. The classification and/or segmentation is used to perform a next act in the sequence of acts making up the ultrasound examination. Rather than requiring a user to determine the act and implement the act, the ultrasound scanner determines and implements the act based on the identification and/or location of an imaged object. For example, the identification of the object as a kidney using a machine-learnt classifier triggers a color flow scan, and the location of the object determines a placement for the color flow region of interest (ROI), avoiding the user having to perform the ROI initiation and/or placement and increasing workflow efficiency.

A substrate-handling robot includes an end-effector to support a substrate and an arm, coupled to the end-effector, to translate the end-effector between an extended position and a retracted position. The substrate-handling robot also includes an enclosure to at least partially enclose the substrate with the substrate on the end-effector in the retracted position. The enclosure includes a shower to provide a flow of purge gas to the substrate.

A low-cost, durable silicon carbide member for a plasma processing apparatus. The silicon carbide member for a plasma processing apparatus can be obtained by processing a sintered body which is produced with a method in which metal impurity is reduced to more than 20 ppm and 70 ppm or less, and an α-structure silicon carbide power having an average particle diameter of 0.3 to 3 μm and including 50 ppm or less of an Al impurity is mixed with 0.5 to 5 weight parts of a B4C sintering aid, or with a sintering aid comprising Al2O3 and Y2O3 with total amount of 3 to 15 weight parts, and then a mixture of the α-structure silicon carbide power with the sintering aid is sintered in an argon atmosphere furnace or a high-frequency induction heating furnace.

The present invention relates to the high resolution imaging of samples using imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) and to the imaging of biological samples by imaging mass cytometry (IMCTM) in which labelling atoms are detected by IMS. LA-ICP-MS (a form of IMS in which the sample is ablated by a laser, the ablated material is then ionised in an inductively coupled plasma before the ions are detected by mass spectrometry) has been used for analysis of various substances, such as mineral analysis of geological samples, analysis of archaeological samples, and imaging of biological substances. However, traditional LA-ICP-MS systems and methods may not provide high resolution. Described herein are methods and systems for high resolution IMS and IMC.

A method of etching a substrate including an etching film and a mask formed on the etching film is provided. The mask includes a first pattern of a first recess having a first opening and a second pattern of a second recess having a second opening. The method includes etching the etching film to a predetermined depth; depositing a protective film on the mask after the etching; and etching the etching film after the depositing. The first opening is smaller than the second opening. As a result of the depositing, the first opening of the first pattern is clogged and the second opening of the second pattern is not clogged.

A method includes attaching semiconductor dies to die attach pads of first and second columns of the lead frame; enclosing the semiconductor dies of the respective columns in respective first and second package structures; trimming the lead frame to separate respective first and second lead portions of adjacent ones of the first and second columns of the lead frame; moving the first columns along a column direction relative to the second columns; and separating individual packaged electronic devices of the respective first and second columns from one another.

Provided is a microwave integrated circuit including: a semiconductor substrate; a plurality of amplification units that are formed in the semiconductor substrate; a wiring that is formed in one layer wiring excluding an uppermost layer wiring and a lowermost layer wiring among a plurality of layer wirings formed on the semiconductor substrate and is used for supplying power to the plurality of amplification units; and a plurality of vias that connect a plurality of conductive regions formed in the layer wiring with the wiring interposed therebetween and other conductive regions formed in a region interposing the wiring in the two layer wirings immediately above and immediately below the layer wiring, in which each of the plurality of vias forms a via structure connected to the conductive regions of the lowermost layer wiring by a plurality of other vias.

A light conversion film is disclosed. The light conversion film includes a first transparent support layer and a second transparent support layer are formed on upper and lower surfaces of a quantum dot layer, respectively. The quantum dot layer contains 0.4 to 2.0% by weight of quantum dot particles containing 5% by weight or more and less than 35% by weight of cadmium; 0.05 to 0.75% by weight of cadmium-free quantum dot particles; 0.1 to 10% by weight of scattering agent; and 75 to 98% by weight of matrix material, based on the total weight of the quantum dot layer. A backlight unit for a display device including the light conversion film is disclosed.

Some embodiments relate to a semiconductor device package, which includes a substrate with a contact pad. A non-solder ball is coupled to the contact pad at a contact pad interface surface. A layer of solder is disposed over an outer surface of the non-solder ball, and has an inner surface and an outer surface which are generally concentric with the outer surface of the non-solder ball. An intermediate layer separates the non-solder ball and the layer of solder. The intermediate layer is distinct in composition from both the non-solder ball and the layer of solder. Sidewalls of the layer of solder are curved or sphere-like and terminate at a planar surface, which is disposed at a maximum height of the layer of solder as measured from the contact pad interface surface.

An array substrate including a substrate, a plurality of fan-out traces and a plurality of bonding terminals. The substrate includes a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area. The fan-out traces and the bonding terminals are disposed in the non-display area. The bonding terminals are spaced apart from each other. First ends of the fan-out traces are respectively electrically connected to the bonding terminals. Second ends of the fan-out traces are electrically connected to the display area. The fan-out traces include a plurality of first fan-out traces and a plurality of second fan-out traces. The first fan-out traces are formed by a first metal layer. The second fan-out traces are formed by a second metal layer. An insulating layer is provided between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The first fan-out traces and the second fan-out traces are partially overlapped.

Systems, apparatus, and methods for initializing spin qubits with no external magnetic fields are described. An apparatus for quantum computing includes a quantum well and a pair of contacts. At least one of the contacts is formed of a ferromagnetic material. One of the contacts in the pair of contacts interfaces with a semiconductor material at a first position adjacent to the quantum well and the other contact in the pair of contacts interfaces with the semiconductor material at a second position adjacent to the quantum well. The ferromagnetic material initializes an electron or hole with a spin state prior to injection into the quantum well.