CPC Class G02F

Provided is a polyamide-imide film including: a polyamide-imide resin and a porphyrin-based dye. The polyamide-imide film has excellent optical properties, and, in particular, may maintain an excellent yellow index even in a repeated temperature change environment.

Fluorescent material composite particles include translucent inorganic particles having a volume average particle diameter in a range of 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, fluorescent nanoparticles having an average particle diameter in a range of 5 nm or more and 25 nm or less, and a first resin. At least a part of each of the translucent inorganic particles are embedded in the first resin. The translucent inorganic particles are unevenly distributed to a surface of the fluorescent material composite particles. The fluorescent material composite particles have a volume average particle diameter in a range of 0.5 μm or more and 50 μm or less.

A semiconductor nanoparticle includes a core and a shell covering a surface of the core. The shell has a larger bandgap energy than the core and is in heterojunction with the core. The semiconductor nanoparticle emits light when irradiated with light. The core is made of a semiconductor that contains M1, M2, and Z. M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, and Au. M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In and Tl. Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, and Te. The shell is made of a semiconductor that consists essentially of a Group 13 element and a Group 16 element.

In some embodiments, optical systems with a reflector and a lens proximate a light output opening of the reflector provide light output with high spatial uniformity and high efficiency. The reflectors are shaped to provide substantially angularly uniform light output and the lens is configured to transform this angularly uniform light output into spatially uniform light output. The light output may be directed into a spatial light modulator, which modulates the light to project an image.

A camouflage apparatus using a reflective display is disclosed. The camouflage apparatus includes a camouflage sheet configured to cover an object, thereby hiding the object, and to avoid detection of electromagnetic waves, a plurality of reflective display type panels coupled to one surface of the camouflage sheet and configured to outwardly display a visible-light and infrared camouflage pattern, and a control module configured to control the panels.