A sensor comprises a group of four memristors arranged in an array. Two of the memristors are connected in series as a first pair, and the other two memristors are connected in series as a second pair. The first and second pairs are connected in parallel between two connection points. Each memristor acts as a sensor element because it has an electrical resistance characteristic that is related to exposure to a species to be sensed. In the sensor, the resistance characteristic of the array between the first and second connection points is related to exposure to the species to be sensed. A sensor comprising a larger array can be composed of multiple groups of four memristors.
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2. The sensor according to claim 1 wherein the two memristors of said second pair are connected in series such that the negative terminals of both of them are connected together to a third connection point, and wherein the two memristors of said first pair are connected in series such that the positive terminals of both of them are connected together to a fourth connection point.
This invention relates to a sensor circuit utilizing memristors to detect and measure physical or chemical quantities. The sensor addresses the challenge of creating a compact, low-power, and highly sensitive detection system by leveraging the unique resistive switching properties of memristors. The circuit comprises two pairs of memristors, each pair configured in a specific series connection to enhance signal differentiation and noise reduction. In the first pair, the positive terminals of both memristors are connected to a shared fourth connection point, while in the second pair, the negative terminals of both memristors are connected to a shared third connection point. This arrangement allows for differential sensing, where changes in resistance due to external stimuli can be measured between the connection points. The memristors exhibit state-dependent resistance, enabling the sensor to detect variations in environmental conditions such as temperature, light, or chemical concentrations. The series configuration ensures that the sensor output is robust against common-mode noise and provides a clear differential signal for accurate measurement. This design improves sensitivity and reliability compared to traditional resistive sensors, making it suitable for applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical devices, and industrial process control.
3. The sensor according to claim 2 further comprising a first switch to enable a voltage to be applied to the third connection point and a second switch to enable a voltage to be applied to the fourth connection point, said switches also enabling the third and fourth connection points to be floating.
This invention relates to an improved sensor design for measuring electrical properties, particularly in applications where precise control of voltage application and signal isolation is required. The sensor includes a first conductive element and a second conductive element, each with multiple connection points. The first conductive element has a first connection point and a second connection point, while the second conductive element has a third connection point and a fourth connection point. The sensor is configured to measure electrical properties, such as resistance or capacitance, between these connection points. The sensor further includes a first switch that allows a voltage to be applied to the third connection point of the second conductive element. A second switch enables a voltage to be applied to the fourth connection point of the second conductive element. These switches also allow the third and fourth connection points to be electrically floating, meaning they can be disconnected from any applied voltage when needed. This floating capability is useful for isolating the sensor from external interference or for configuring the sensor in different measurement modes. The switches provide flexibility in how the sensor operates, allowing selective application of voltage to different parts of the sensor while maintaining the ability to disconnect those points when necessary. This design is particularly useful in applications where precise control over electrical connections is required, such as in high-precision measurement systems or in environments with significant electrical noise. The ability to float the connection points helps reduce measurement errors and improves the accuracy of the sensor's readings.
5. The sensor according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of the at least one memristor group.
A memristor-based sensor system is designed to detect and measure physical or chemical changes in an environment. The system addresses challenges in traditional sensing technologies, such as limited sensitivity, slow response times, and high power consumption, by leveraging the unique properties of memristors—non-volatile resistance-switching devices that can store and process information in a compact, energy-efficient manner. The sensor includes at least one memristor group, where each group consists of multiple memristors arranged to enhance sensing capabilities. The memristors are configured to change their resistance states in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, or chemical interactions, allowing the sensor to convert these stimuli into measurable electrical signals. The system may incorporate multiple memristor groups to improve accuracy, redundancy, or multi-parameter sensing. The memristor groups are integrated into a sensing circuit that processes the resistance changes to generate output signals corresponding to the detected stimuli. The sensor may also include signal conditioning components, such as amplifiers or analog-to-digital converters, to refine the output for further analysis. The design ensures high sensitivity, rapid response, and low power consumption, making it suitable for applications in environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and biomedical diagnostics. The use of multiple memristor groups enhances reliability and expands the range of detectable parameters.
6. The sensor according to claim 5 wherein the memristor groups are connected in parallel.
A sensor system incorporates memristor groups to detect and measure physical or chemical changes in an environment. Memristors, which are resistive memory devices that change resistance based on applied voltage or current, are organized into groups to enhance sensitivity and reliability. Each memristor group consists of multiple memristors connected in series, forming a network that responds to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, or chemical exposure. The memristor groups are connected in parallel to the sensor's readout circuitry, allowing for redundant measurements and improved signal-to-noise ratio. This parallel configuration ensures that even if one memristor group fails or becomes degraded, the remaining groups continue to provide accurate data. The sensor system may also include signal processing components to interpret the resistance changes of the memristor groups and convert them into measurable output signals. The parallel connection of memristor groups enhances the sensor's robustness, making it suitable for applications in harsh environments or where long-term reliability is critical.
7. The sensor according to claim 5 comprising a recursive architecture, wherein each memristor in a group of four memristors has been replaced with a further memristor group comprising four memristors.
This invention relates to a sensor with a recursive memristor architecture designed to enhance computational efficiency and scalability. The sensor addresses the challenge of limited processing power and memory in traditional sensing systems by leveraging memristors, which are resistive memory devices capable of storing and processing data simultaneously. The recursive architecture improves performance by replacing each memristor in a group of four with a further memristor group, also consisting of four memristors. This hierarchical structure allows for deeper computational layers, enabling more complex data processing within the sensor itself. The recursive design ensures that the sensor can handle larger datasets and more intricate computations without requiring external processing units, thereby reducing latency and energy consumption. The memristor groups are interconnected in a way that supports parallel processing, further optimizing the sensor's ability to perform real-time analysis. This approach is particularly useful in applications requiring high-speed, low-power sensing and processing, such as IoT devices, edge computing, and autonomous systems. The recursive architecture also provides scalability, allowing the sensor to be adapted for various levels of complexity by adjusting the number of memristor layers.
8. The sensor according to claim 7 wherein the recursion of the architecture is iterated a plurality of times.
A sensor system is designed to enhance signal processing and data acquisition in applications requiring high precision and adaptability. The system addresses challenges in traditional sensor architectures, such as limited scalability, inflexibility in signal processing, and difficulty in adapting to varying environmental conditions. The sensor incorporates a recursive architecture that allows for iterative refinement of data processing stages. This recursive approach enables the sensor to dynamically adjust its processing parameters based on real-time feedback, improving accuracy and reliability. By iterating the recursive architecture multiple times, the sensor can progressively enhance signal quality, noise reduction, and data interpretation. The recursive design also allows for modular expansion, where additional processing layers can be added without redesigning the entire system. This scalability is particularly useful in applications requiring adaptive sensing, such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and medical diagnostics. The sensor's ability to refine data through multiple iterations ensures robust performance across diverse operating conditions, making it suitable for both static and dynamic environments. The iterative refinement process also supports self-calibration, reducing the need for external adjustments and maintenance. Overall, the sensor system provides a flexible, high-performance solution for applications demanding precise and adaptable data acquisition.
9. The sensor according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of sensor elements arranged in the array is formed as a microelectronic structure.
A microelectronic sensor array is designed to detect physical or chemical properties with high precision. The sensor comprises multiple sensor elements arranged in a structured array, where each element interacts with the environment to measure specific parameters such as temperature, pressure, or chemical composition. The array configuration allows for spatial resolution, enabling detailed mapping of the measured property across a surface or volume. The sensor elements are fabricated as a microelectronic structure, integrating semiconductor materials and microfabrication techniques to achieve compact, high-density arrangements. This microelectronic implementation enhances sensitivity, response time, and reliability while reducing power consumption and manufacturing costs. The sensor may include additional components such as signal processing circuitry or communication interfaces to transmit data for analysis. The microelectronic structure allows for integration with other electronic systems, making it suitable for applications in industrial monitoring, environmental sensing, medical diagnostics, and consumer electronics. The design addresses challenges in traditional sensor systems, such as bulkiness, limited resolution, and high power requirements, by leveraging advanced microfabrication processes.
10. The sensor according to claim 1 being fabricated on a chip.
A sensor system is designed to detect and measure physical or environmental parameters such as temperature, pressure, or chemical composition. Traditional sensors often suffer from limitations in miniaturization, integration, and cost-effectiveness, particularly when requiring multiple components or complex fabrication processes. This invention addresses these challenges by providing a highly integrated sensor fabricated on a single chip. The sensor includes a sensing element configured to interact with the target parameter and generate a detectable signal, along with integrated circuitry for signal processing and output. The chip-based design enables compact, low-power operation while maintaining high sensitivity and accuracy. By consolidating all functional components onto a single substrate, the sensor achieves improved reliability, reduced manufacturing costs, and enhanced scalability for mass production. The integrated approach also facilitates seamless interfacing with other electronic systems, making it suitable for applications in IoT devices, medical diagnostics, industrial monitoring, and environmental sensing. The sensor's compact form factor and efficient performance make it particularly valuable in scenarios where space and power constraints are critical.
11. The sensor according to claim 1 wherein the sensor is at least one of a gas sensor, a liquid sensor, and a sensor for sensing the species present in a liquid.
This invention relates to an improved sensor for detecting the presence or concentration of substances in gases or liquids. The sensor is designed to address challenges in accurately measuring environmental or industrial conditions where traditional sensors may fail due to interference, contamination, or environmental factors. The sensor can be configured as a gas sensor, a liquid sensor, or a sensor specifically designed to detect and analyze the chemical species present in a liquid. The sensor includes a detection mechanism that selectively identifies target substances, ensuring reliable and precise measurements. For gas sensing, the sensor detects volatile compounds or pollutants in the air, while for liquid sensing, it monitors dissolved substances or contaminants. The sensor may also be optimized for specific applications, such as environmental monitoring, industrial process control, or medical diagnostics, where accurate and real-time detection is critical. The design ensures robustness against external interferences, such as temperature fluctuations or chemical degradation, enhancing its longevity and performance in harsh conditions. The sensor's modular structure allows for easy integration into existing systems, making it adaptable for various industrial and scientific applications.
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October 2, 2020
June 11, 2024
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