A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes measuring a signal strength of a beam failure detection (BFD) reference signal (RS), the BFD RS being included in a BFD RS set that corresponds to a transmission reception point (TRP) of a plurality of TRPs; the method further includes identifying a BFD threshold associated with the TRP, detecting a beam failure instance associated with the TRP based at least in part on a determination that the signal strength of the BFD RS satisfies the BFD threshold and, providing an indication of the beam failure instance associated with the TRP. Numerous other aspects are described.
Legal claims defining the scope of protection. Each claim is shown in both the original legal language and a plain English translation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD threshold is a block error rate (BLER) threshold.
A method for monitoring network performance in wireless communication systems addresses the challenge of detecting and mitigating link failures efficiently. The method involves setting a threshold for detecting link failures, where the threshold is defined as a block error rate (BLER) threshold. This threshold is used to evaluate the quality of the communication link by measuring the rate at which data blocks are incorrectly received or lost. When the measured BLER exceeds the predefined threshold, the system identifies a potential link failure, triggering corrective actions such as rerouting traffic or initiating recovery protocols. The method ensures timely detection of degraded link performance, improving network reliability and reducing downtime. By focusing on BLER as the key metric, the approach provides a quantitative and objective way to assess link health, distinguishing it from subjective or less precise failure detection methods. The method is particularly useful in high-mobility or high-interference environments where traditional failure detection mechanisms may be less effective. The system may also include additional steps such as adjusting transmission parameters or notifying network management systems to further enhance resilience.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD threshold is identified based at least in part on a default value for the BFD threshold.
A system and method for managing Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) thresholds in network communication involves dynamically adjusting BFD parameters to optimize network performance and reliability. BFD is a protocol used to detect faults between two forwarding engines, typically in high-availability network environments. The method addresses the challenge of determining appropriate BFD thresholds, which are critical for timely fault detection without causing unnecessary disruptions due to false positives. The method identifies a BFD threshold based at least in part on a default value for the BFD threshold. This default value serves as a baseline, ensuring a consistent starting point for threshold determination. The method may also incorporate additional factors, such as network conditions, traffic patterns, or historical performance data, to refine the threshold dynamically. By using a default value, the system ensures that even in the absence of real-time data, a reliable threshold is applied, maintaining network stability. The method may be part of a broader system that monitors network links, adjusts BFD parameters in response to detected anomalies, and ensures continuous availability. The dynamic adjustment of BFD thresholds helps balance between rapid fault detection and minimizing false alarms, improving overall network resilience. This approach is particularly useful in environments where network conditions vary, such as in cloud computing, data centers, or enterprise networks.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD threshold is identified based at least in part on a TRP-specific beam failure recovery (BFR) value for the BFD threshold.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to techniques for managing beam failure detection (BFD) in millimeter-wave (mmWave) or other high-frequency networks. The problem addressed is the need for adaptive beam failure detection thresholds to improve reliability and efficiency in environments where signal blockages or interference can disrupt communication links. Traditional fixed thresholds may lead to either excessive false detections or delayed recovery, degrading performance. The method involves dynamically adjusting the BFD threshold based on a transmission and reception point (TRP)-specific beam failure recovery (BFR) value. This BFR value is tailored to the specific conditions of the TRP, such as its location, antenna configuration, or environmental factors, ensuring more accurate and responsive beam failure detection. By using this TRP-specific BFR value, the system can optimize the BFD threshold to balance between quick recovery and minimizing false alarms, improving overall network stability and user experience. The approach is particularly useful in scenarios where multiple beams are used for communication, as it allows for fine-tuned adjustments per TRP, enhancing adaptability in dynamic wireless environments.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD threshold is identified based at least in part on receiving radio resource control (RRC) signaling that indicates a value for the BFD threshold.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to techniques for managing beam failure detection (BFD) thresholds in millimeter-wave (mmWave) or other high-frequency networks. The problem addressed is the need for dynamic and accurate BFD threshold configuration to ensure reliable communication in environments where beam misalignment or blockage can disrupt data transmission. The method involves determining a BFD threshold value for a user equipment (UE) device by receiving radio resource control (RRC) signaling from a network node, such as a base station. The RRC signaling explicitly indicates the BFD threshold value, which the UE then uses to monitor the quality of its communication beams. If the measured beam quality falls below this threshold, the UE declares a beam failure and initiates recovery procedures, such as switching to an alternative beam or requesting a new beam configuration from the network. The BFD threshold is a critical parameter that balances sensitivity to beam degradation and false beam failure declarations. By dynamically configuring this threshold via RRC signaling, the network can adapt to varying channel conditions, UE mobility, or service requirements. This approach ensures efficient beam failure detection while minimizing unnecessary signaling overhead and latency during recovery. The method may also involve additional steps, such as the UE periodically reporting beam quality measurements to the network, which then adjusts the BFD threshold accordingly. This closed-loop feedback mechanism further optimizes beam failure detection performance in real-time. The invention is particularly useful in mmWave networks, where beam stability is highly sensitive to environmental factors.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD threshold is a common BFD threshold associated with the plurality of TRPs.
In wireless communication systems, maintaining reliable connectivity between a user device and multiple transmission and reception points (TRPs) is critical for seamless data transmission. However, detecting link failures in such multi-TRP environments can be challenging due to varying signal conditions and interference. A method addresses this by using a common Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) threshold for all TRPs in a communication link. BFD is a protocol that monitors link health by sending and receiving periodic test packets. By applying a single, unified BFD threshold across all TRPs, the system ensures consistent and synchronized failure detection. This approach simplifies monitoring by eliminating the need for individual threshold adjustments for each TRP, reducing complexity and improving reliability. The common threshold is dynamically adjusted based on network conditions, ensuring optimal performance without manual intervention. This method enhances link resilience by quickly identifying and responding to failures, minimizing service disruptions in multi-TRP deployments. The solution is particularly useful in advanced wireless networks where multiple TRPs collaborate to provide high-speed, low-latency connectivity.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD threshold is a TRP-specific threshold associated with the TRP.
A method for managing communication in a wireless network involves adjusting a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) threshold based on specific conditions related to a Transmission Reception Point (TRP). The BFD threshold is a TRP-specific value, meaning it is uniquely associated with the TRP and can be dynamically adjusted to optimize network performance. This approach helps maintain reliable communication links by ensuring that the BFD threshold is tailored to the specific characteristics and requirements of the TRP, such as signal strength, interference levels, or mobility conditions. By dynamically adjusting the BFD threshold, the method improves the efficiency and reliability of communication in wireless networks, particularly in scenarios where network conditions vary frequently. The method may also involve monitoring network performance metrics and adjusting the BFD threshold in response to changes in these metrics to ensure optimal communication quality. This technique is particularly useful in environments where maintaining stable and high-quality communication links is critical, such as in 5G and beyond networks.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD threshold is associated with a particular component carrier.
A method for managing bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) in wireless communication systems addresses the challenge of efficiently monitoring link status across multiple component carriers in carrier aggregation scenarios. The method involves dynamically adjusting BFD thresholds based on specific component carriers to optimize link reliability and resource utilization. By associating a BFD threshold with a particular component carrier, the system can tailor detection parameters to the characteristics of each carrier, such as bandwidth, latency, or signal quality. This ensures that link failures are detected promptly without unnecessary overhead. The method integrates with a broader system that establishes BFD sessions, configures thresholds, and monitors link status, allowing for adaptive adjustments in response to network conditions. The approach enhances network performance by reducing false positives in failure detection and improving the efficiency of carrier aggregation in wireless networks.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFD threshold is configured on the UE based at least in part on TRP-specific beam failure reporting being configured for a component carrier associated with the TRP.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to beam failure detection (BFD) in user equipment (UE) operating with multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) in a network. The problem addressed is optimizing BFD thresholds for UEs configured with TRP-specific beam failure reporting on a component carrier associated with a TRP. In such scenarios, the UE may be required to monitor multiple beams from different TRPs, leading to potential inefficiencies or inaccuracies in beam failure detection if a uniform threshold is applied. The invention improves upon prior art by dynamically configuring the BFD threshold for the UE based on whether TRP-specific beam failure reporting is enabled for a component carrier linked to a TRP. This allows the UE to adjust its beam failure detection sensitivity according to the specific requirements of the TRP, ensuring more reliable and efficient beam management. The method involves determining whether TRP-specific reporting is configured for the component carrier and then setting the BFD threshold accordingly. This approach enhances network performance by reducing unnecessary beam failure reports and improving beam recovery procedures. The solution is particularly relevant in advanced wireless systems like 5G and beyond, where multi-TRP and multi-beam configurations are common.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is identified based at least in part on a default value for a synchronization signal block (SSB) threshold or default value for a BFR threshold.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically methods for selecting candidate beams in beamforming or synchronization processes. The problem addressed is optimizing beam selection by dynamically determining a candidate beam threshold, which helps improve signal reliability and reduce unnecessary beam measurements. The method involves identifying a candidate beam threshold based on predefined default values for synchronization signal block (SSB) thresholds or beam failure recovery (BFR) thresholds. These default values serve as reference points to ensure consistent performance across different network conditions. The threshold determination may also incorporate additional factors such as signal quality metrics or network load to refine the selection process. By using these default values, the system can efficiently filter out weak beams, reducing computational overhead and improving synchronization or beam recovery efficiency. The approach ensures compatibility with existing wireless standards while enhancing reliability in beam-based communication.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is identified based at least in part on a TRP-specific BFR reporting value for a synchronization signal block (SSB) threshold or a TRP-specific BFR reporting value for a BFR threshold.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to beam failure recovery (BFR) in millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks. The problem addressed is improving the reliability and efficiency of BFR procedures by dynamically adjusting beam selection criteria based on transmission reception point (TRP) characteristics. The method involves identifying a candidate beam threshold for selecting beams during BFR. This threshold is determined using TRP-specific beam failure reporting (BFR) values, such as those associated with synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or dedicated BFR thresholds. The TRP-specific values account for variations in signal quality and interference across different TRPs, allowing the system to adapt beam selection criteria accordingly. This ensures that beam failure recovery is more robust and tailored to the specific conditions of each TRP, reducing unnecessary reporting and improving overall network performance. The method may also involve comparing measured beam quality metrics against the candidate beam threshold to determine whether a beam is suitable for recovery, further optimizing the BFR process.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is identified based at least in part on a synchronization signal block (SSB) threshold based at least in part on a cell associated with the TRP being a secondary primary cell.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically methods for managing beam selection in cellular networks. The problem addressed is optimizing beam selection in scenarios where a transmission reception point (TRP) is associated with a secondary primary cell (SpCell), ensuring reliable synchronization and communication. The method involves identifying a candidate beam threshold for beam selection, which is determined based on a synchronization signal block (SSB) threshold. The SSB threshold is specifically adjusted because the TRP is part of a secondary primary cell, which may have different synchronization requirements compared to a primary cell. The candidate beam threshold is used to evaluate potential beams for communication, ensuring that only beams meeting the threshold are selected. This helps maintain synchronization and improve communication reliability in multi-cell environments. The method may also include additional steps such as receiving SSB measurements from a user equipment (UE), comparing these measurements to the candidate beam threshold, and selecting a beam based on the comparison. The SSB threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the SpCell status, ensuring optimal performance in varying network conditions. This approach enhances beam management in advanced wireless systems, particularly in scenarios involving dual connectivity or multi-cell configurations.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is identified based at least in part on a BFR threshold based at least in part on a cell associated with the TRP being a secondary cell.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically beam failure recovery (BFR) in cellular networks. The problem addressed is optimizing beam selection during BFR procedures, particularly when a secondary cell is involved. In wireless networks, beam failure occurs when a user device loses communication with its serving transmission/reception point (TRP) due to signal degradation. BFR mechanisms help reestablish connectivity by selecting a new candidate beam. The invention improves this process by dynamically adjusting a candidate beam threshold based on whether the TRP is associated with a secondary cell. Secondary cells are typically used for additional capacity or mobility support, and their characteristics differ from primary cells. The method involves determining a BFR threshold specific to the secondary cell and using this to identify the candidate beam threshold. This ensures more reliable beam selection in scenarios where secondary cells are involved, improving overall network performance and user experience. The approach may also consider other factors like signal quality, interference levels, or device capabilities to refine the threshold. By tailoring the beam selection criteria to the cell type, the invention enhances the efficiency and robustness of BFR procedures in heterogeneous network environments.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is identified based at least in part on a BFR threshold regardless of a type of a cell associated with the TRP.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to techniques for managing beam failure recovery (BFR) in cellular networks. The problem addressed is the need for a consistent and reliable method to determine a candidate beam threshold for BFR, independent of the cell type associated with the transmitting/receiving point (TRP). In wireless networks, beam failure recovery is critical for maintaining stable communication links, especially in environments with high mobility or interference. However, existing methods may rely on cell-specific parameters, leading to inconsistencies in performance across different cell types. The invention provides a method for identifying a candidate beam threshold based on a BFR threshold, regardless of the cell type. This ensures uniform beam failure recovery performance across different network configurations. The method involves evaluating signal quality metrics, such as reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), to determine whether a candidate beam meets the BFR threshold. By decoupling the threshold determination from cell-specific characteristics, the method improves reliability and simplifies network management. The approach is particularly useful in heterogeneous networks where different cell types (e.g., macro, small, or pico cells) coexist, as it avoids the need for cell-specific tuning. The invention enhances the robustness of beam failure recovery mechanisms, reducing call drops and improving user experience in dynamic wireless environments.
16. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is identified based at least in part on a synchronization signal block (SSB) threshold regardless of a type of a cell associated with the TRP.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically methods for managing beam selection in cellular networks. The problem addressed is optimizing beam selection for user equipment (UE) in scenarios where synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) are used to identify candidate beams, particularly when the cell type (e.g., macro, small, or pico cell) is not a determining factor in setting beam thresholds. The method involves determining a candidate beam threshold for a transmission/reception point (TRP) based on an SSB threshold, independent of the cell type associated with the TRP. This ensures consistent beam selection criteria across different cell types, improving reliability and performance. The SSB threshold is used as a reference to identify candidate beams, which are then evaluated for suitability in communication. The approach simplifies beam management by decoupling it from cell-specific parameters, reducing complexity in heterogeneous network environments. This method is part of a broader system for beamforming and cell selection in 5G and beyond networks, where precise beam alignment is critical for maintaining high data rates and low latency. The solution enhances network efficiency by ensuring optimal beam selection regardless of cell type, supporting seamless connectivity in diverse deployment scenarios.
17. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is a common candidate beam threshold associated with the plurality of TRPs.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically methods for managing beam selection in multi-transmit-receive-point (multi-TRP) environments. The problem addressed is the efficient and reliable selection of candidate beams for communication between a user device and multiple TRPs, ensuring robust connectivity and minimizing overhead. The method involves determining a candidate beam threshold, which is a common value shared across all TRPs in the system. This threshold is used to evaluate the quality of beams between the user device and each TRP. Beams that meet or exceed this threshold are selected as candidate beams for further communication. The common threshold ensures consistency in beam selection across all TRPs, reducing complexity and improving coordination between them. This approach helps maintain stable connections, especially in dynamic environments where signal conditions may vary. The method may also include steps for measuring beam quality, such as signal strength or signal-to-noise ratio, and comparing these measurements against the common threshold. By using a unified threshold, the system avoids the need for individual TRPs to independently determine beam suitability, streamlining the process. This is particularly useful in scenarios where multiple TRPs serve the same user device, such as in coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmissions or handover situations. The invention aims to enhance reliability and efficiency in beam management for advanced wireless networks.
18. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is a TRP-specific threshold associated with the TRP.
A method for optimizing wireless communication involves adjusting a candidate beam threshold based on transmission reception point (TRP) characteristics. The technique addresses the challenge of efficiently selecting beams in multi-beam wireless systems, where traditional fixed thresholds may not account for varying TRP conditions. The method dynamically sets a TRP-specific threshold for each TRP, allowing the system to adapt to differences in signal quality, interference levels, or hardware capabilities across TRPs. This adaptive thresholding improves beam selection accuracy and reduces unnecessary signaling overhead. The method integrates with a broader beam management process that includes beam sweeping, measurement reporting, and beam refinement, ensuring seamless operation within existing wireless protocols. By tailoring the threshold to each TRP, the system enhances reliability and performance in diverse network environments, particularly in scenarios with heterogeneous TRP deployments or dynamic channel conditions. The approach is applicable to advanced wireless standards, such as 5G and beyond, where beamforming and massive MIMO techniques are critical for achieving high data rates and low latency.
19. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is associated with a particular component carrier.
A method for wireless communication involves selecting a candidate beam for transmission or reception based on a candidate beam threshold. The method operates in a wireless communication system where multiple component carriers are used to transmit or receive data. The candidate beam threshold is specifically associated with a particular component carrier, meaning the threshold value is tailored to the characteristics or requirements of that carrier. This allows for optimized beam selection that accounts for variations in signal quality, interference levels, or other factors across different component carriers. The method may involve evaluating multiple candidate beams, comparing their performance metrics against the threshold, and selecting the best-performing beam for communication. This approach improves reliability and efficiency in wireless networks by ensuring that beam selection is adapted to the specific conditions of each component carrier. The method can be applied in systems using beamforming techniques, such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) or massive MIMO systems, where precise beam selection is critical for maintaining high data rates and low latency.
20. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam threshold is configured on the UE based at least in part on TRP-specific beam failure reporting being configured for a component carrier associated with the TRP.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically beam failure recovery in cellular networks. The problem addressed is optimizing beam failure detection and reporting in scenarios where a user equipment (UE) communicates with multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) on the same component carrier. Traditional beam failure recovery mechanisms may not efficiently handle TRP-specific beam failures, leading to unnecessary signaling or delayed recovery. The invention describes a method where a UE is configured with a candidate beam threshold that is adjusted based on whether TRP-specific beam failure reporting is enabled for a component carrier associated with a TRP. When TRP-specific reporting is configured, the UE applies a specific threshold to determine whether a candidate beam is suitable for beam failure recovery. This allows the UE to distinguish between beam failures affecting different TRPs on the same carrier, improving recovery efficiency and reducing signaling overhead. The threshold may be dynamically adjusted based on network conditions or UE capabilities to ensure optimal performance. This approach enhances reliability in multi-TRP deployments, particularly in advanced wireless systems like 5G New Radio (NR), where multiple TRPs may serve a UE simultaneously.
21. The method of claim 10, wherein the BFR report is transmitted in a set of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources corresponding to a scheduling request (SR), the SR being one of a plurality of SRs configured for requesting TRP-specific BFRs for a cell group.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to techniques for transmitting beam failure recovery (BFR) reports in a cellular network. The problem addressed is the efficient and reliable transmission of BFR reports in scenarios where multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) serve a user equipment (UE) in a cell group, requiring TRP-specific BFR reporting. The method involves transmitting a BFR report using physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources that are associated with a scheduling request (SR). The SR is part of a set of configured SRs, each dedicated to requesting TRP-specific BFR reports for the cell group. This approach allows the UE to signal beam failure conditions to specific TRPs without requiring additional dedicated resources, optimizing uplink control channel usage. The SR-based transmission ensures timely reporting while maintaining compatibility with existing SR configurations, reducing signaling overhead and improving system efficiency. The method is particularly useful in multi-TRP deployments where precise beam failure reporting is critical for maintaining reliable communication links.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein at least two sets of PUCCH resources, of a plurality of sets of PUCCH resources associated with the plurality of SRs, are in a same PUCCH cell of the cell group.
This claim describes a way to send signal requests where, in a group of cells, at least two different request methods use the same communication channel within a specific cell.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein at least two sets PUCCH resources, of a plurality of sets of PUCCH resources associated with the plurality of SRs, are in different PUCCH cells of the cell group.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to methods for managing physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources in a cell group configuration. The problem addressed is the efficient allocation and utilization of PUCCH resources when multiple scheduling request (SR) transmissions are required across different cells within a cell group. The method involves configuring a plurality of sets of PUCCH resources, each associated with a corresponding SR transmission. At least two of these sets are located in different PUCCH cells within the cell group. This distribution ensures that SR transmissions can be handled across multiple cells, improving reliability and reducing congestion in any single cell. The method may also include selecting a specific PUCCH resource set based on the type of SR or the current network conditions, optimizing resource usage and minimizing interference. By distributing PUCCH resources across different cells, the invention enhances the robustness of SR transmissions in scenarios where certain cells may experience high load or poor channel conditions. This approach is particularly useful in advanced wireless networks, such as 5G or beyond, where multiple cells are aggregated to support high data rates and low latency requirements. The method ensures that SR transmissions remain reliable even under varying network conditions, improving overall system performance.
24. The method of claim 10, further comprising receiving a configuration associated with a plurality of sets of candidate beam RSs, wherein each set of candidate beam RSs of the plurality of sets of candidate beam RSs corresponds to a different TRP of the plurality of TRPs.
This invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to methods for managing reference signals (RS) in multi-transmit-receive point (TRP) environments. The problem addressed is the efficient configuration and selection of beam reference signals (beam RSs) to optimize communication performance in scenarios where multiple TRPs serve a user equipment (UE). The method involves receiving a configuration that defines multiple sets of candidate beam RSs, where each set corresponds to a different TRP in a plurality of TRPs. This configuration allows the UE to identify and evaluate beam RSs from different TRPs, enabling selection of the most suitable beams for communication. The method further includes transmitting and receiving beam RSs based on the configuration, allowing the UE to measure and report channel conditions to the network. The network then uses this information to determine optimal beam selections for downlink and uplink communications, improving signal quality and reliability. The configuration may include parameters such as beam identifiers, timing information, and frequency resources for each set of candidate beam RSs. By associating each set with a specific TRP, the method ensures that the UE can distinguish between beams from different TRPs, facilitating coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmissions or other advanced communication techniques. This approach enhances system efficiency and user experience in multi-TRP deployments.
25. The method of claim 10, wherein the candidate beam RS is a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information RS (CSI-RS).
The invention relates to wireless communication systems, specifically to methods for selecting and evaluating candidate beams for communication between a base station and a user equipment (UE). The problem addressed is the need for efficient and accurate beam selection to ensure reliable communication in environments with multiple potential beam paths. The method involves transmitting a candidate beam reference signal (RS) from a base station to a UE, where the candidate beam RS is either a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). The UE measures the quality of the received candidate beam RS and reports the measurement results back to the base station. The base station then selects an optimal beam for communication based on the reported measurements. This process ensures that the selected beam provides the best possible signal quality and reliability for data transmission. The use of either SSB or CSI-RS as the candidate beam RS allows for flexibility in the type of reference signal used, depending on the specific requirements of the communication scenario. The method improves beam selection efficiency and communication reliability in wireless networks.
Cooperative Patent Classification codes for this invention. Click any code to explore related patents in that topic.
July 7, 2022
June 11, 2024
Browse 5M+ US patents with plain-English claim translations and AI-generated analysis.